The initiative to establish the museum came from Stavanger rederiforening, Stavanger søemandsforening and Stavanger museum. It opened in 1926. In 1985 Stavanger maritime museum moved into its current location in 200 year-old seafront warehouses and merchant buildings at Strandgaten 17-19 in Vågen, the quay in the city centre of Stavanger.
The foyer, which also functions as a café and museum shop, is at street level and has large windows facing onto the harbour, with pedestrians, swans, the sea and fish market just outside.